NAD+: real biology, thin clinical evidence

Raising a blood level is not the same as improving an outcome. Most NAD+ marketing depends on you not noticing the difference.

The analysis

Monitoring and laboratory work

A legitimate programme does not simply ship medication. Before starting a GLP-1, a clinician should establish a baseline — typically weight and BMI, blood pressure, and laboratory work including HbA1c or fasting glucose, a lipid panel, and renal and hepatic function. A personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 is a contraindication, and a history of pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, severe gastrointestinal disease or diabetic retinopathy changes the risk calculus and should be discussed.

During treatment, tolerance should be reviewed at each dose escalation rather than automatically. Persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain radiating to the back, or signs of gallbladder disease warrant prompt clinical contact rather than a message to a chat widget.

Questions to ask your clinician

1. Given my history, is a GLP-1 appropriate for me at all — and is there a reason it might not be?
2. What baseline laboratory work will you order before I start?
3. What is the target dose, and how quickly will we escalate to it?
4. What side effects should make me call you rather than wait?
5. What is the plan for maintenance, and what happens if I stop?
6. Will I see the same clinician at follow-up, or a different one each time?

Questions to ask about the pharmacy

The pharmacy matters more than the telehealth brand on the front of the website. The telehealth company arranges the consultation; the pharmacy makes the medicine you inject.

1. Which specific pharmacy will fill my prescription? Not "our network" — the name of the facility.
2. Is it a 503A state-licensed pharmacy or a 503B FDA-registered outsourcing facility? These are different regulatory categories with different oversight, and a company can use both for different products.
3. In which state is it licensed, and can I look up the licence? State boards of pharmacy publish licensee databases.
4. What is the exact salt form and concentration? Semaglutide sodium and semaglutide acetate are not the same active ingredient as the semaglutide base in approved products, and the FDA has said they are not appropriate for compounding.
5. Is the vial single-dose or multi-dose? A multi-dose vial requires you to measure each dose yourself, which is the most common source of the dosing errors behind reported adverse events.
6. Will you provide a certificate of analysis?
7. Has the pharmacy received any FDA warning letter or state board action?

A provider that answers all seven in writing is demonstrating something real. A provider that will not name its pharmacy has given you an answer, whether it intended to or not.

What happens when you stop

This is the question the marketing rarely addresses, and it belongs in any honest discussion of cost. In the published extension data, a substantial proportion of lost weight returns after discontinuation — the STEP 1 extension found participants regained roughly two-thirds of the weight they had lost within a year of stopping.

The practical implication is financial as well as clinical. If maintaining the result requires continuing the medication, then the number that matters is not the monthly price but the indefinite monthly price. A programme that is $186 a month is $2,232 a year, and potentially the same again the year after. Anyone comparing providers on a first-month promotion is optimising the wrong variable.

Storage and handling

Compounded GLP-1 preparations are generally refrigerated, and specific storage requirements vary by pharmacy and formulation — this is one reason a provider that will not tell you which pharmacy compounds your medication is withholding something you need. Ask for the beyond-use date, which for a compounded preparation is not the same as a manufacturer's expiry date and is typically much shorter. Never use a preparation that has changed colour, become cloudy, or contains particulates.

How to verify any of this yourself

You should not take our word for a price, and you do not have to. Every figure here can be checked in a few minutes.

1. Go to the provider's own pricing page. Not a comparison site — the provider's. Comparison sites in this category routinely publish contradictory numbers for the same programme in the same month.
2. Find the ongoing price, not the headline. Look for the words "first month", "intro", "starting at" or "new patients". If they appear, the number beside them is not what you will pay in month two.
3. Add the membership. If the medication and the membership are billed separately, add them. That sum is your real monthly cost.
4. Ask what the highest dose costs. By email or chat, so you have it in writing.
5. Ask about early cancellation before you commit to a plan longer than a month.
6. Check the manufacturer. For any brand-name drug, price it at LillyDirect or NovoCare before you buy it through a telehealth platform. Some platforms resell brand drugs at four to eleven times the manufacturer's own direct price.

If a provider will not answer questions 4 or 5 in writing, that is itself information.

What to do about it

Three practical steps follow from everything above.

1. Check your insurance first. A covered brand prescription with a manufacturer savings card can cost roughly $25 a month, which beats every cash option discussed here.
2. Then price the manufacturer directly. LillyDirect and NovoCare sell brand GLP-1s for $149-$449. Several telehealth platforms resell the identical drugs at four to eleven times that.
3. Then, and only then, compare compounded programmes — on their ongoing total cost, medication plus any mandatory membership, at the dose you expect to maintain.

Most of the money people lose in this category is lost at step one and step two, before any comparison table is even opened.

Limitations of this analysis

Every page on this site should tell you where it stops being reliable. This one stops here.

Prices decay quickly. This is the fastest-moving data we publish. Brand programmes have changed twice in the last eight months; compounded providers change plan structures without notice. Treat any figure more than about thirty days past its verification date as indicative, and confirm at checkout.

Competitor pricing is reported, not captured by us. We hold dated captures for brand pricing and for NexLife. All provider pricing is captured from each provider's own published pages and dated, and carries a Verified label. Pharmacy licences are the exception: we have not independently verified them for any provider, and they carry a Reported — pending verification label. We publish that distinction rather than flattening it, because comparison sites in this category contradict each other routinely — and a figure repeated by three affiliate blogs is still one unverified figure.

We have not audited pharmacy licences. Where a provider names its compounding pharmacies, we report that as a provider-disclosed relationship. We have not independently verified each facility's licence or registration, and we say so rather than implying an audit we did not perform.

Advertised availability is not your availability. Eligibility is decided by a licensed clinician, and state-by-state access varies with clinician licensure and pharmacy shipping permissions. No page can promise you a price you will actually be offered.

We are commercially funded. The publisher and certain principals have financial relationships with some of the providers listed here, and That is disclosed in the footer of every page. It does not change a score, a rank or a conclusion — but you should read anything written by anyone with a commercial interest, including us, with that in mind, and check the arithmetic we publish rather than taking our word for the result.

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